System of alternating-current regulation.



J. BIJUR. SYSTEM OF ALTERNATING CURRENT REGULATION.

APPLICATION FILED 001. 16, 1906.

1,014,373, Patented Jan.9,1912.

- 2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

Inventor: v AW Attys J. BIJUR.

SYSTEM OF ALTERNATING CURRENT REGULATION. APPLICATION FILED 0GT.16, 1906 014 373 Patented Jan.9, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

lflventor: g: 2 y M 2.45 zw w a t UNITED STATES rATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH BIJUBI, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A.

CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

. Specification 5r Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 9,1912.

Application filed October 16, 1906. Serial No. 339,184.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH BIJUn, a citizen of vthe United States, and resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and

State of New York, have invented certain,

new and useful Improvements in Systems of AlternatingCurrent Regulation, of which the following is a specification, accompanied by drawings.

This invention relates to a system of alternating current regulation, and has for its object to utilize the energyof a fly wheel to compensate for the fluctuations on the work circuit of an alternating current system, and thereby maintain the load on the main generator substantially constant without the use of storage batteries or other auxiliary means for this purpose.

Further objects of this invention will hereinafter appear and the invention censists of a system for carrying, out the above objects embodying the apparatus and arrangement/ 0f circuits substantially as hereinafter fully described and claimed in this specification and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which,-

Figure 1. isa diagrammatic representation of circuits and apparatus for carrying out the invention, and Fig. 2 is a partial diagram illustrating a modification of a por-' tion of the circuits.

Referring to the drawings A represents the main alternating current generator, in this instance assumed to be a single phase generator by way of illustration, to which are connected the mains B and C and the work circuit D and E. The load is represented as by means of the motors F.

According to this invention the armature H of the auxiliary alternating current generator is connected in the work circuit be tween the points 1 and 2, and as shown the armature shaft I. is. provided with a suitable fly wheel J. The energy given up or absorbed by the fly wheel J depends upon the change in its speed, and means are provided to maintain the frequency ofthe generator G substantially constant regardless of the changes in the speed of the fly wheel J, as otherwise the alternator G cannot act in parallel with the main generator A. Any suitable means may be provided for compensating for the changes in speed of the fly wheel J, and in this instance I have shown an exciter armature K mounted upon the same shaft, I with the armature H of the alternator G. T he field of the alternator G is laminated and the alternator K delivers three phase current to said field windings L'of said field. The field windings O of the exeit'er K are energized by direct current from any suitable source and the whole field is revoluble, in this instance said field being connected to the shaft P upon which is mounted a synchronous motor Q, the armature of which is energized by alternating current, as for instance of the work circuit D E while the field is energized byany suitable source of direct current.

Suitable means are rovided for regulat ing either the energiza tion of the field coils L of the alternator G or the field coils O of the exciter i In Fig. 1 the regulator is shown regulating the field coils L and this regulator R is preferably connected in circuit between the'ma'in alternator A and the auxiliary alternator G. v 7

Any suitable form of regulator may be used, but I prefer the form shown in the drawings, in which the magnet coils S are connected to the circuit offlthe main B, while the magnet core T is, connected to an arm U carried by a rock shaft V pivoted in suitable bearings. The rock shaft V is provided in this instance with three other arms -W which carry cross arms X, eachprovided with contact points Y adapted to' dip into the mercury cups Z. These contact points taperin length from one end to the other and are connected as shown to series of resistances 1" shown connected in the leads a, b and c, which connectthe armature of the exciter K with the field coils L of the alternator G. The rock shaft V is also provided 'ver f and adjusting screw 9. The object of the construction described in connection with the arm a? and a spring e is to affold a substantially constant opposition to the movement of the magnet core T, in. thrs instance the moment of the force of the spring around'the axis of the rock shaft being substantially constant.

Let it be assumed that the armature H of the alternator Gr rotates clockwise at a given speed of, for instance 1000 revolutions per minute, the armature of the exciter K being connected to the shaft I will rotate in the same direction at the same speed. Let it also be assumed that the field 0 of the exciter K, which has preferably the same number of poles as the field of the alternator G, is driven by thesynchronous motor Q in the same direction as the arma-- ture H, but at a higher speed, as for instance two thousand revolutions per minute. Assuming that the fields O and L each have six poles, then a three phase current will be generated by the exciter K having a frequency of three thousand per minute. The leads a, b, c are connected to the three phase Winding of the generator G in such manner asto produce a rotary field rotating counter-clockwise and therefore the rotation of the field L will'be one thousand per minute, and the frequency of the generator will be the same as if it were running two thousand revolutions per min ute clockwise in a stationary field.

According to the vconstruction and arrangement described any change in the speed of the fly wheel J and the consequent change in the speed of the armature-H,

which w0uld tend to alterthe frequency of the alternatorG, will be compensated for by the relative speed between the armature of the exciter K and its revolving field U". 7

Let it be assumed that the frequency of the main alternating current from the alternator A is such that it corresponds to the frequency of the armature H of alternator Giwhen the shaft I is running at two thousand revolutions per minute; and the armature His rotating in a stationary field L. According to the construction described, since the armature H is revolving clockwise at a thousand revolutionsper minute and the field is revolving counter-clockwise at a thousand revolutions per minute, a fre quency of armature H is produced the equivalent of two thousand revolutions per minute of the armature in a stationary field. Upon an increase of load upon the'work circuit D E, the core T of the regulator R is attracted bythe increase in energization of the magnets); and the rock shaft V is rotated in such a directionas to dip the contactpoints Y into the mercury cup Z,thereshort-circuiting' equal portions of the re-' sistances'r in jthe-three-phas e connections a,

v the alternatorout-of step with the main generatonA without the compensating deb, c. The field Lof the alternator G is there 7' fore, strengthened and the voltage of die elternator increased. This causesthe alterna-- tor etotakseme of the load and the fly wheel-J isislewed down which would drop vices constructed' 'ii accordance with this invention. As the fly wheel J slows down, I

frequency of its current has" increased from' three thousand to four thousand five hundred per minute, secondly the counter-clockwise rotation of the field L of alternator G has increasedv to fifteen hundred per minute, thereby maintaining the frequency of the alternator G substantially what it was before because thedifference between the revolutions per minute of the armature and remains substantially unchanged. Vfhen the load on the work circuit falls the regulator It introduces resistance into each of the three phase connections a b, a, there by weakening the fieldof alternator- G and reducing the voltage of said machine. On account of the voltage of the alternator G being less thanthat of the system current will beabsorbed andthe machine G will run as a motor. The speed of "the fly wheel J will be increased and let it be assumed that the shaft I is rotated at fifteen hundred revolutions. per minute instead of one thousand. This condition will be taken'care of by the apparatus and-the frequency of the alternator G will remain substantially unchanged as before. .7 t

The weightand speed ofv the flywheel would be so chosen that with an average load in the system the fly wheel will, by its changes in speed, compensate forincreas es and decreases of the current on theuwork circuit. The tension of the regulator spring should be so adjusted whenthe load on the work circuit is average that the field of the, alternator G is of such strength that the armature H neither absorbs nor gives up the energy.

The phase of thealternator G should substantially coincide with the phase ofthe main generator A at all times; and-this con 'dition is brought about by suitably adjusting the angle between the field U of the exciter K and the. field'of the synchronous motor Q in any desired manner, as for instance by' adjusting the rotary position of the armature of the motor Q on the shaft P or by turning the fields}? the motor .to

the desired angle. v t

In theoperation of the apparatus, after the main generator A is 'started'the synchronous motor Q -may he started in any suitable manner, thereby causing the .field O of the eXciter'K to rotate. ,The fly wheel may be started in any suitable manner and the regula-tor R may then be thrown into circuit by means of a suitableswitch, whereupon if the work circuit is lightly loaded there will be a substantial amount of resistance included in the three hase leads a, b, 0, and the rush of current into the armature H of the alternator G will maintain the rotation of the fly wheel J. The current in the armature H will increase until the action of the regulator in cutting out resistance in the three phase leads a, b, and c sufliciently strengthens the field of the alternator G and the voltage of the armature H to produce average load upon the main-generator A which conditions will be maintained until the regulator is again brought the field of the exciter K is strengthened,

thereby increasing the voltage of the field of the alternator G and causing the alternator to furnish-current to theline if desired. On the other hand when the load on the work'circuit decreases the field O of the exciter K is weakened, thereby weakening the field ofthe alternator G and causing it to absorb current from the line.

Where the fl wheel generator set is used to compensate or fluctuations in alternating current circuits, I may prefer! to employ a" magnetically rotating exciter field instead of the field mechanically rotated by the synchronous motor. In this case the number of poles of the field may be so chosen that magnetic rotation of the field around the armature shaft I of'the flywheel takes place at a substantially higher speed than the maximum speed of the fly wheel.

Obviously some features of this invention may be used without others and the invention may be embodied in widely varying forms.

Therefore, without limiting the invention to the devices shown and described, and without enumerating equivalents, I claim and desire to obtain by Letters Patent the following:

1.. Ina system of alternating current reg- .ulation, the combination with the main alternator and work circuit, of an auxiliary alternator, the ratio between the speeds of the two armatures thereof being variable, and means for maintaining said alternators in synchronismwhen the armatures are revolving at different s e'eds.

2. In a system of a ternating current regulation, the combination with the mam speeds.

ing said alternators in synchronism when the armatures are revolving at different 3. In a system of alternating current regulation, the combination with the main alternator and work circuit, of an auxiliary alternator, the ratio between the speeds of the two armatures thereof being variable, a fly-wheel connected to the auxiliary alternator and means for maintaining said alternators in synchronism when the armatures are revolving at different speeds. I 4. In afsystem of altern'ati'ng current regulation, the combination with the main I alternator'andwo'rk circuit, of an auxiliary alternator, a fly wheel connected thereto,

means for causing the fly wheel to absorb a.

substantial amount of energy from or imparta substantial amount of energy to the work circuit, and means for maintaming said alternators in synchronism.

5. In a system of alternating current regulation, the combination with the main alternator and work circuit, of an auxiliary alternator, the ratio between the speeds of the two armatures thereof being variable, a

fly-wheel connected to said auxiliary alter ternator and work circuit, of an auxiliary alternator whose frequency is the result of the rotation of its armature and the rotation of its field, and means for maintaining said alternators in synchronism.

7. In combination a main alternator and work circuit, an auxiliary alternator provided with stator and rotor windings-whereof one is connected to the-work circuit and means for supplying current at varying frequencies to the other winding to maintain synchronism between the two alternators.

8. In a system of alternating current regulation, the combination with the main alternator and work circuit, of amauxiliary alternator connected to compensate for changes on the work circuit, a fly wheel connected to the shaft of said alternator, said fly wheel being adapted to absorb energy from the line when the auxiliary alternator is acting as a motor, and said fly wheel being ada td to supply energy when the auxiliary alternator is acting as a generator, the ratio between the speeds of the zirzrnatures of the main and auxiliary alternators being variable, and means for maintaining said alternators in synchronism when the armatures are revolving at different speeds.

9. In a system of alternating current regulation, the combination with the main alternator and work circuit, of an auxiliary alternator connected to compensate for changes on the work circuit, a fly wheel connected to the shaftof said alternator, said fly wheel being adapted to absorb energy from the line when the auxiliary alternator is acting as a motor, and said fly wheel being adapted to supply energy when the auxiliary alternator is acting as a generator, the ratio between the speeds of the armatures of the main and auxiliary alternators being variable, and means for maintaining said alter nators in synchronism when the armatures are revolving at different speeds, and a regulator responsive to changes on the work circuit for varying the field of the auxiliary generator.

10. In combination a main alternator and work circuit, an auxiliary alternator provided with stator and rotor windings whereof one is connected to the work circuit and means for supplying current at varying frequencies to the other winding to maintain synchronism between the two alternator-s, and a fly-wheel mechanically connected to the rotor of the auxiliary alternator.

11. In a system of alternating current regulation, the combination with the main alternator and Work circuit of an auxiliary alternator, an armature therefor connected to the work circuit, a flywheel on the shaft of the armature, and means for automatically varying the frequency of the field of the auxiliary generator to compensate for variations in armature speed due to changes in load.

12. In a system of alternating current regulation, the combination with the main alternator and work circuit of an auxiliary alternator, an armature therefor connected to the work'circuit, a flywheel on the shaft of the armature, a third alternator mounted on said shaft and having a revoluble field, connections between the armature of such third alternator and the field of the second and a load controlled automatic regulator for varying the resistance in such connections.

13. In combination a main alternator and work circuit, an auxiliary alternator provided with stator and rotor windings whereof one is connected to the work circuit and means for supplying current at varyingfrequencies to the other winding to maintain synchronism between the two alternators, means for storing and delivering energy with changes of speed, and mechanical means for. transmitting energy between the last mentioned means and the rotor.

14. In combination an alternating current circuit, an alternating current dynamo having a rotor and a stator winding whereof one is connected to the circuit and means for supplying to the other Winding alternating currents of-a frequency varying with and oppositely to the variations of rotor speed, said means including, a field and armature in inductive relation, whereof one is mechanically connected to the rotor and the other is driven at constant speed.

15. In combination an alternating current circuit, an alternating current dynamo having a rotor and a stator winding whereof one is connected to the circuit and means for supplying to the other winding alternating currents of a frequency varying with and oppositely to the variations of rotor speed, said means including a field and armature in inductive relation, whereof one is mechanically connected to the rotor and the other is driven at constant speed, and a flywheel mechanically connected to the rotor.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOSEPH BIJUR. Witnesses OLIN A. Fosrnn, A. K. SCHNEIDER. 

